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The following are extracted from published clinical studies, in-house studies, and/or case studies and are for reference purposes only. This does not imply that the product from Lifestream Group Pte Ltd is claimed to replicate the same results produced in the studies. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any questions about a medical condition, please consult your physician or other qualified healthcare providers. Any statements or claims made have not been evaluated by the relevant regulatory bodies and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Research Proven Health Benefits
of Nattokinase NSK-SD®:
✓ Support clear blood vessels
(Balancing clotting system naturally and thus, does not increase bleeding risk)
In a human clinical trial, healthy young men (22.3 ± 0.6 years old) received either a single dose of 2,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® or placebo and blood samples were collected and analysed. Results show that nattokinase NSK-SD® enhances fibrinolysis (breaking down of blood clots) and anticoagulation.
✓ Support healthy blood viscosity
In an in vitro study, blood samples from healthy adult individuals were incubated with nattokinase at various doses. Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation was then assessed. The decrease of RBC aggregation suggests its potential benefits on patients having or at risk for cardiovascular diseases.
✓ Improves blood flow
In a human clinical trial, healthy subjects (30s – 40s years old) in the fasting state received 2,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® and their blood flow was measured. After a 2-week break, the same subjects received placebo under the same condition. Results showed that nattokinase NSK-SD® increased blood flow, suggesting a possible use of NSK-SD® for healthy circulation.
Blood flow of 3 subjects. The blood flow increases in the order of blue →green →yellow→ orange → red.
Study 2: In another study, the effects of nattokinase NSK-SD® on in vitro platelet aggregation and in vivo thrombosis were investigated in comparison with aspirin, a medicine that helps prevent blood clots in arteries. Nattokinase NSK-SD® moderately inhibits platelet aggregation and delays thrombosis following oxidative arterial wall injury, suggesting its beneficial effect on improving blood flow without adverse effects.
Platelet-rich plasma was incubated with nattokinase NSK-SD® and aggregation inducers collagen and thrombin, and the platelet aggregation rate was analysed. Nattokinase significantly inhibited both the collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Subjects were orally administered with nattokinase NSK-SD® or aspirin for 1 week, and their major blood vessels in the neck were exposed. Arterial thrombosis (blood clot formation in artery) was induced by applying FeCl3 outside the arterial wall for 10 min, and the blood flow was monitored. Nattokinase delayed the FeCl3-induced arterial blockage in a dose-dependent manner with a high dose (500 mg/kg) of nattokinase fully suppressed the blockage, as achieved with aspirin (30 mg/kg).
✓ Supports healthy blood pressure
Study 1: In a human clinical trial, subjects (20 – 80 years old) with pre-hypertension or stage 1 hypertension and initial untreated systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130 to 159 mmHg were given 2,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® or placebo per day for 8 weeks. Compared to placebo, nattokinase NSK-SD® reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), suggesting nattokinase may play a critical role in preventing and treating hypertension or high blood pressure.
Study 2: In a human clinical trial, subjects (18 – 85 years) with elevated blood pressure (BP; systolic BP 130 or diastolic BP 90 mmHg) consumed 2,000 FU/day nattokinase NSK-SD® or placebo for 8 weeks and their blood was collected. Consumption of NSK-SD® was associated with a reduction in both systolic and diastolic BP as well as von Willebrand factor (vWF), a cardiovascular risk marker.
✓ Support good cardiovascular health
The American Heart Association justifies C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an independent clinical marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
In a human clinical trial, subjects with cardiovascular risk factors received one dose of 2,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® and their blood was tested. Nattokinase demonstrated the ability to normalise levels of hs-CRP.
✓ Support cardiovascular health along with blood thinners
Study 1: In a human clinical trial, adult patients (average 53.3 years old) with acute ischaemic stroke received 2,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® 3 times (total 6,000 FU) a day at 8-hour interval for 7 days. Besides, during these 7 days, 0.4ml low molecular weight heparin (anti-factor Xa, 3,800 IU) 2 times a day by hypodermic injection and low-dose aspirin (150 – 325mg) or clopidogrel were also administered. Heparin (anticoagulant drug), aspirin and clopidogrel (anti-platelet drugs) are blood thinners. All patients were hospitalized within 6 hours of stroke occurrence and the treatment was administered after hospitalization. The overall efficacy data suggests that nattokinase does not lead to progression of underlying stroke. Instead, the combined intake is suggested to enhance fibrinolysis (breaking down of blood clots) and the beneficial effects on stroke patients were observed.
Study 2: In another human clinical trial, patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who were taking warfarin potassium tablets at a maintenance dose (1.5 < PT-INR < 3.0) received 2 doses of 1,700 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® after breakfast and dinner per day (3,4000 FU/day) or placebo for 6 months. Some of these patients showed improvement in clinical symptoms (i.e. shortness of breath, cold hands and feet) and biochemical profiles, including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer and plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC). No side effects were observed in all patients taking nattokinase. This study suggests that proper use of nattokinase is safe and effective for CVD patients who are taking warfarin.
✓ Support healthy immunity
In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 10 healthy males (average age 30.2) were orally administered a single-dose of 4,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® or placebo. Their blood samples were then collected at 6 hours following administration for analysis of natural killer (NK) cell activity. NK cells are a type of immune cells necessary in the early immune response to fight against viral infections, especially through clearance of virus-infected cells. Based on the results, administration of single-dose of 4,000 FU nattokinase NSK-SD® enhanced the activity of NK cells. Besides, NSK-SD® group also showed an increase of body temperature. As the subjects are healthy individuals, there was no change in blood pressure.
Research-Proven Health Benefits
of Elastin F:
✓ Support healthy & flexible blood vessels
In a human clinical trial, healthy subjects (average age of 45.8) were orally administered 75mg Elastin F daily for 16 weeks and their pulse wave velocity was measured every 4 weeks to determine the ageing and stiffness of blood vessels. Supplementation with Elastin F significantly reduced vascular ageing and improved resilience of blood vessels.
✓ Support clear blood vessels
In an in vitro study, platelet-rich plasma was incubated with elastin peptide from bonito (Elastin F), elastin polypeptide from bonito and elastin peptide from bovine. Elastin F showed the highest inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation. This suggests that Elastin F could reduce formation of harmful clots in blood vessels and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
✓ Support skin health
Study 1: In a double-blind trial, Japanese women in their 30s were orally administered 100mg Elastin F (+ 1000mg collagen + 30mg hyaluronic acid + 100mg chondroitin sulfate) or
placebo (1000mg collagen + 30mg hyaluronic acid + 100mg chondroitin sulfate) daily for 8 weeks. Addition of Elastin F to basic skin-care regimen resulted in significant improvement in skin suppleness, texture and reduction in wrinkles.
Subjective evaluation showed improvements in fine lines, dry face, smoothness and lasting duration of make-up.
Study 2: Fibroblasts are cells within the dermis layer of human skin that produces elastin and collagen. In this study, different concentrations of Elastin F were added to human skin fibroblast culture medium. Elastin F was found to help improve structural integrity and function of skin dermis, which are important for maintaining skin firmness and elasticity.
✓ Support joint health
In a double-blind trial, subjects were given placebo, 75mg Elastin F or 75mg Elastin F + glucosamine daily for 12 weeks and improvements were monitored using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Remarkable reduction in knee pain was observed in both Elastin F groups but not the placebo group. This suggests the synergistic effect between Elastin F and glucosamine in reducing knee pain.
Watsons H.W.B (Health.Wellness.Beauty) Awards Winner (2020-2023)
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Unity Popular Choice and Award Winner for 5 years (2018 - 2022)
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Common Remedies for Circulatory Health in the Market
1) Blood Thinners (Medications)
Blood thinners are prescribed medicines that prevent blood clots from forming. They also keep existing blood clots from getting larger. There are 2 main types of blood thinners –
anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.
• Anticoagulants slows down the body’s process of making clots.
• Antiplatelet drugs prevents platelets from clumping together to form a clot.
However, blood thinners may cause side effects in some people. Serious bleeding is the most common reaction - heavy periods, bleeding gums, prolonged
bleeding from a cut, etc. Other possible side effects include dizziness, muscle weakness, hair loss or rashes. Besides, the presence of blood thinners in body system can increase the risk of internal bleeding after an injury, even if external bleeding did not occur.
2) Supplements
Although there are many types of Nattokinase available in the market, did you know that nattokinase activity may decrease when mixed with certain foods/ingredients such as red yeast rice (Monascus ruber-fermented rice), black vinegar, apple vinegar and vitamin C. Please note that the efficacy of nattokinase NSK-SD® will not be affected by the presence of Elastin F in VesseCLEAR EX.
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Did you know that natto is also linked to longevity? (Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 77(2): 392-394 (2013)). |
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The presence of lipofuscin in the skin is associated with the appearance of pigmentation commonly known as liver spots.
The Risk Factors for Stroke and Heart Attack
Healthy blood vessels are clear and flexible. Nonetheless, with age and unhealthy lifestyle factors, they can become blocked (usually from a blood clot) and stiff and this can restrict blood flow around the body. If this happens in the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle, it can trigger angina or a heart attack; if it is in an artery to the brain, it can result in a stroke.
What Causes Blockages in the Blood Vessel?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is normally associated with plaque and blood clot (thrombus) formation which resulted from dysfunctional or injured blood vessels.
Blood clot is necessary to stop bleeding and restore damaged blood vessels. Once bleeding stops and damaged blood vessel is healed, blood clots are broken down (fibrinolytic action) naturally.
However, imbalance clotting (coagulation) and dissolving (fibrinolysis) process may prevent blood clot from breaking down properly, and thereby accumulated in the blood vessels. These abnormal blood clots, along with plaques in the arteries (blood vessels), obstruct the blood flow around the body, decreasing oxygen supply, eventually resulting in a heart attack or stroke. Blood clots in veins may lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism.
| DVT is blood clots formed in a vein deep in the body, usually lower leg or thigh, with symptoms such as pain and swelling on the affected leg, redness or colour change and warmth on the skin. Pulmonary embolism usually occurs when a blood clot (DVT) travels to the lungs and blocks a blood vessel. This could damage the lungs and other organs as wellas cause heart failure due to lower blood oxygen levels. |
How is a Blood Clot Form?
Blood clot forms when:
• Skin or blood vessel wall is broken (such as cut or internal injury)
• Cholesterol plaques in arteries rupture (most heart attacks and strokes happen when a plaque inside the heart or brain suddenly burst)
• Blood does not flow properly (if blood pools in blood vessel or heart, platelets in blood are more prone to stick together and forms clots)
Note: If fibrinolytic activity is decreased (for ex: age, obesity, high blood pressure), blood clot cannot be removed properly and this will increase the risk of heart attack & stroke.
| Did You Know? In Singapore, 16 people die from cardiovascular disease (heart diseases and stroke) daily. According to statistics in 2016, cardiovascular disease accounted for 29.5% of all deaths, similar to deaths caused by cancer (29.6%). In other words, nearly 1 out of 3 deaths in Singapore is due to heart diseases or stroke. Thus, early prevention is critically important. |
What Causes Arteries to Stiffen?
Arterial stiffness describes the rigidity of the arterial wall and is closely linked with the development of cardiovascular disease. Stiffening is the result of ageing in which elastin in the arterial wall degrades progressively; causing the artery to harden. Measuring one’s pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a means of determining the predictive value for the development of hypertension. Stiffer arteries have higher PWV.
What is Elastin?
Elastin is a rubber-like protein that contains specific amino acids – Desmosine and Isodesmosine (which are not present in other proteins). They are critical to the elasticity and resilience of arteries. Elastin is roughly 1000 times more flexible than collagens and is wrapped around coil-like collagen, providing high flexibility and resilience to the blood vessels. Elastin serves as the principal mediator of pressure wave propagation to smooth blood flow and is particularly abundant in the aorta.
The aorta is the largest artery from the heart, with elastin contributing to 50% of its weight. This enables the aorta to accommodate the high pressure and large amounts of blood pumped from the heart. The elasticity to stretch in response to the heart contractions helps to maintain a relatively constant pressure in the arteries despite the pulsating nature of the blood flow.
The ageing process will progressively degenerates the elastin in the aorta. This causes the aorta to stiffen and strain the heart to pump harder, and potentially results in a heart failure. A number of studies have demonstrated the association between arterial stiffness and stroke attack.
VesseCLEAR EX is developed by Japan Bio Science Laboratory, the leader and pioneer in nattokinase. It is made from 100% concentrated nattokinase NSK-SD® plus Elastin F. NSK-SD® is extracted from non-GMO soybeans which were fermented with Bacillus subtilis natto, via a proprietary process (Patents JP3834048, JP3881494) and results in an extract of high purity, bioavailability and stability. Elastin F is a readily absorbable elastin peptide extracted from bonito fish via a proprietary enzymatic technology from Japan.
Nattokinase - The Key to Smooth Blood Circulation
Nattokinase is an active ingredient extracted from a popular Japanese food known as natto. This traditional cheese-like fermented soy product has been utilised as a folk remedy for heart and circulatory diseases for over 1000 years. This may be why Japan has one of the lowest rates of coronary heart disease in the world (Report: UN Chronicle: The Atlas of Heart Disease & Stroke).
In 1980, Dr. Hiroyuki Sumi, a researcher from University of Chicago discovered that an enzyme in natto has fibrinolytic activity (ability to dissolve blood clot associated with heart attack and stroke) and named it as “nattokinase”, which means “enzyme in natto”. Nattokinase also helps to address high blood viscosity, one of the most neglected symptoms in the development of heart disease and high blood pressure.
Nattokinase has direct and indirect actions on blood clots. However, it does not inhibit the formation of blood clots, in response to wound healing. In other words, nattokinase helps balance the body’s ability of making blood clot and declotting unwanted clots.
How Does Nattokinase Work on a Blood Clot?
Fibrin is a main component of clot. Nattokinase has strong fibrinolytic activity to dissolve web-like fibrin and break down blood clot that have already been formed, thereby removing the clot and promoting healthy blood flow and cardiovascular function.
Nattokinase NSK-SD®
The No.1 Clinically Studied Nattokinase*
*Based on the number of research studies, as of February 2019
• Authentic nattokinase as recognised by JHFA (Japan Health and Nutrition Food Association) and JNKA (Japan NattoKinase Association)
• Research proven safe & effective. Backed by more than 35 studies.
• Halal* & NSF certified. Compliant with GMP & public health protection standards.
• Patented production technology. Awarded 2 Japanese patents and 3 U.S. patents for the proprietary processing technique.
• 100% natural. Non-irradiated, free of vitamin K2, purine and pungent smell. Vitamin K2 may increase blood clotting and is known to interact with and reduce the effectiveness of Warfarin (blood thinner). Purine is a risk factor for high uric acid and gout.
• Highly safe & stable. Confirmed by human clinical trials, research studies and almost 20 years of safety track records. Nattokinase NSK-SD® is stable for 42 months at room temperature and 18 months at 40oC.
*The Elastin F and encapsulation are not certified halal.
• High bioavailability. Nattokinase level significantly increases in blood 2 hours after intake with peak concentration at 13.3 hours. (Altern Ther Health Med. 19(3): 16-19 (2013)).
<sourced from 李超 on YouTube>
Elastin F
The Key to Supple and Flexible Arteries
Elastin F is a low-molecular-weight elastin peptides derived from bonito fish. This premium Japanese elastin peptide is produced from bulbus arteriosus (BA), a small chamber that connects gill and heart. This high quality Elastin F can be clearly distinguished from elastin derived from fish skin, which has high collagen content.
Elastin F
Premium Quality Elastin Peptides
• Highly Safe. Supported by extensive safety studies.
• Highly Stable with Unique Elastic Property. Unlike other proteins such as fish skin-derived collagen, Elastin F is the only protein with specific cross-linking amino acids - Desmosine and Isodesmosine. They are highly resistant to heat and acidic conditions and hence, are able to support the elasticity of blood vessels.
• High Bioavailability. With a proprietary enzymatic technology that derives low-molecular-weight peptides, Elastin F is readily dissolved in water and easily absorbed in the body.
VesseCLEAR EX is highly recommended for the following individuals:
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Those concerned with heart health
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Regular alcohol drinkers
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Poor eating habits (diet high in fat, cholesterol and low in fibre); meat-lovers
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Sedentary lifestyle
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High blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar or viscosity
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Irregular heartbeat or pulse
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Hardening or blockage of arteries (blood vessels)
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With stiff arteries and increased pulse velocity (PWV)
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Poor blood circulation, such as cold, numb or swollen hands and legs, muscle cramps, stiff shoulder, varicose veins, chronic fatigue etc.
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A history of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, stroke etc
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With family history of poor heart health or stroke issues
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Reduced blood flow to limbs due to narrowed arteries with symptoms such as:
- Painful cramping in hip, thigh or calf muscles when walking
- Coldness in lower leg or foot than the other side
- Weak pulse in legs or feet
- Slower growth of toenails
- Shiny skin on legs -
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with symptoms such as:
- Mild to severe pain in the affected arm or leg
- Swelling of an arm or leg
- Redness or colour change
- Warmth in the skin -
Pulmonary embolism with symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath and fast heartbeat
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Swollen vein in the region of the anus (haemorrhoid)
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Poor Complexion, wrinkles, fine lines, dry skin
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Knee or joint pain
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Poor immunity or susceptible to virus infection
Beware of counterfeit nattokinase!
Nattokinase is a peculiar enzyme that can be identified by several test methods. Despite readily available test methods, there are still many companies that claim and market counterfeit enzymes as nattokinase, including peptidase, protease and chungkinase that are produced from similar Bacillus species or fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) in Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and the USA.
Although some of these are able to degrade fibrin in a petri dish (in vitro), there is no indication of its efficacy in the human body. Besides, the comprehensive safety and potency data of nattokinase NSK-SD® could not be applied to these counterfeit nattokinase.
References:
Bozo Research Center, I. 2004. Report: 13-week oral toxicity study of Nattokinase DS (NSK-SD) in rats. B-5170.
Fuji Biomedix, L. 2002. Final Report: Oral repeated dose 28-day toxicity study of Nattokinase DS in rats. FBM 02-2704.
Fuji Biomedix, L. 2003a. Final report: Reverse-mutation assay in bacteria. FBM 02-8766. Fuji Biomedix, L. 2003b. Final report: Chromosomal aberration test. FBM 02-8767.
Jeske, W. et al. 2011. Evaluating the effects of nattokinase on C-reactive protein levels in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Unpublished work
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