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The following are extracted from published clinical studies, in-house studies, and/or case studies and are for reference purposes only. This does not imply that the product from Lifestream Group Pte Ltd is claimed to replicate the same results produced in the studies. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any questions about a medical condition, please consult your physician or other qualified healthcare providers. Any statements or claims made have not been evaluated by the relevant regulatory bodies and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Synergistic Benefits of NMN, Resveratrol and Ginseng
In this study, mice were divided into four groups: a control group, an NMN-alone group, an NMN and resveratrol (NMN+R) combination group, and an NMN and ginsenosides (NMN+G) combination group. These animals were sacrificed at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-hours post-administration, and tissue samples were collected for analysis. The goal was to evaluate how NMN levels changed over time in different tissues when combined with resveratrol or ginsenosides.
Compared to NMN alone, the combination with resveratrol was observed to support higher NAD+ metabolism in the heart and skeletal muscle. The study reported that NAD+ levels increased approximately 1.6X in the heart and 1.7X in skeletal muscle when NMN was combined with resveratrol. Similarly, the combination of NMN with ginsenosides was associated with enhanced NMN distribution in multiple tissues, including the brain, heart, kidney, and lung. The most notable finding was a 2.0X increase in NAD+ levels in lung tissue when NMN was taken with ginsenosides, compared to NMN alone.
These findings suggest that co-administration with resveratrol or ginsenosides may improve NMN metabolism and utilization in certain tissues.
Increase NAD+ levels
In this clinical trial, 66 healthy subjects aged between 40 and 65 years old were orally administered 300 mg of NMN or a placebo (starch) daily after breakfast for 60 days. Researchers measured serum NAD+/NADH levels, quality of life scores, and insulin-related markers at different time points to assess the effects of NMN supplementation.
After 30 days of intake, the NMN group showed an 11.3% increase in serum NAD+/NADH levels, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. By day 60, the NMN group exhibited a 38% increase in NAD+/NADH levels compared to baseline, whereas the placebo group showed only a 14.3% increase. These findings suggest that NMN supplementation may support NAD+ production over time.
Additionally, the NMN group showed an improvement in health-related quality of life, as measured by the SF-36 score. After 60 days of intake, the NMN group demonstrated an average increase of 6.5% in the SF-36 score, compared to a 3.4% increase in the placebo group. This suggests that NMN supplementation may be associated with perceived improvements in overall well-being.
At the end of the study, researchers also analysed the HOMA-IR index, an indirect measurement of insulin sensitivity, where a higher value indicates increased insulin resistance. The NMN group showed a 0.6% increase in HOMA-IR, while the placebo group exhibited a 30.6% increase from baseline. These findings suggest that NMN may help maintain insulin sensitivity over time.
Metabolism & energy boost
In this study, mice were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three groups receiving different doses of ginseng ginsenosides: low-dose (LBG, 300 mg/kg), medium-dose (MBG, 400 mg/kg), and high-dose (HBG, 500 mg/kg). The supplementation was administered for 21 days, and researchers assessed its effects on physical endurance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.
The low-dose (LBG) group showed no significant improvements in swimming and rotating rod tests, which were used to measure endurance and motor coordination. However, the medium-dose (MBG) and high-dose (HBG) groups demonstrated notable increases in swimming time and significant improvements in the rotating rod test, suggesting enhanced endurance and coordination.
Further analysis revealed that both MBG and HBG groups had increased muscle and hepatic glycogen levels, as well as higher catalase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, which are generally associated with better energy production and reduced fatigue during physical activity. Additionally, these groups showed lower lactate levels, indicating more efficient energy metabolism, along with reduced lipid peroxide and superoxide dismutase levels, suggesting lower oxidative stress.
The HBG group further exhibited significant upregulation of key antioxidant and mitochondrial function genes, which may contribute to improved cellular energy processes. Collectively, these findings indicate that ginseng ginsenosides may play a role in supporting antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function, which are factors associated with endurance and fatigue management.
Cellular health
Diabetes can have a significant impact on eye health, potentially affecting the cornea and overall visual function. In this in-vitro study, researchers investigated the effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) treatment on high-glucose (HG)-treated human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), a model used to simulate conditions associated with diabetes-related corneal stress.
The study found that NMN treatment was associated with increased cell viability in HG-treated HCECs. The findings suggest that NMN may support cellular integrity by reducing cell damage and apoptosis, enhancing cell migration, and restoring tight junctions, which are important for maintaining corneal barrier function.
These results provide preliminary insights into the potential role of NMN in supporting corneal cell health under high-glucose conditions.
Healthy aging
Study 1: In this clinical trial, researchers investigated the effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on blood NAD+ levels, physical function, sleep quality, and stress in older adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg/day of NMN or a placebo for 12 weeks, and various physiological and functional markers were assessed throughout the study.
After 12 weeks of administration, the NMN group exhibited significantly higher blood NAD+ levels and its metabolites compared to the placebo group. Additionally, NMN supplementation was associated with improved physical function, as demonstrated by a significantly shorter 4-meter walking time compared to the placebo group, suggesting a potential role in maintaining walking speed in older adults.
The study also evaluated sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants in the NMN group showed lower scores for "Daytime Dysfunction" and "Global PSQI", indicating better overall sleep quality compared to the placebo group. These findings suggest that NMN supplementation may support both physical performance and sleep quality in aging individuals.
(Geroscience. 2024 Oct;46(5):4671-4688).
Study 2: In this 12-month study, researchers investigated the effects of long-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on age-related physiological changes in mice undergoing normal aging. Mice were orally administered either a control treatment, 100 mg/kg/day of NMN (NMN100), or 300 mg/kg/day of NMN (NMN300) to evaluate the potential impact of NMN on various metabolic and functional markers over time.
The study found that NMN administration was associated with mitigating age-associated physiological decline. Specifically, NMN supplementation was observed to suppress age-related body weight gain, enhance energy metabolism, and promote physical activity. Additionally, mice that received NMN showed improved insulin sensitivity and a more favourable plasma lipid profile, suggesting potential metabolic support. NMN supplementation was also linked to improved eye function and increased bone mineral density, indicating potential benefits for age-associated changes in vision and skeletal health.
These findings provide preclinical evidence that long-term NMN administration may play a role in supporting various physiological functions during aging.
Sirtuins are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health by regulating DNA repair, metabolism, inflammation, and stress response. Research has linked sirtuin activity to the slowing of the aging process and increased lifespan.
Study 3: In this study, researchers investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on cellular aging using a D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging rat model. Rats were subcutaneously injected with D-gal for 42 days to establish an aging model, and the treatment group received intraperitoneal injections of ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg/kg/day) from day 8 to day 42. Researchers analyzed molecular markers related to cellular aging, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function.
Compared to the D-gal aging model, ginsenoside Rg1 administration significantly decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein), which are key regulators of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Elevated levels of these markers are associated with cellular damage and the aging process, suggesting that ginsenoside Rg1 may help protect against age-related cellular decline.
Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 treatment significantly increased the expression of SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) and SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2) compared to the D-gal aging model. Both SIRT3 and SOD2 play a vital role in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress reduction, and their increased activity is linked to delayed aging and a reduced incidence of age-related cellular damage.
These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may have anti-aging effects by suppressing apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways and activating the SIRT3/SOD2 signaling pathway.
Study 4: In this study, researchers investigated the effects of resveratrol on Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activation and cognitive function in a rat model of concurrent diabetes (DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sirt1 is known to play a critical role in brain health by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, neuroprotection, cognitive function, and aging.
Rats were divided into six groups:
Group A: Normal control group
Group B: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (DM + AD) model
Group C: Normal control group treated with resveratrol
Group D: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease model treated with resveratrol
Group E: Normal control group treated with both resveratrol and EX527 (Sirt1 inhibitor)
Group F: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease model treated with resveratrol and EX527
For groups C to F, resveratrol (25 mg/kg) was orally administered daily from week 1 to week 5, while EX527 (5 mg/kg), a Sirt1 inhibitor, was administered every two days for a total of four doses. Researchers assessed Sirt1 expression and cognitive function using the Morris water maze test, a standard behavioural test for learning and memory in rodents.
Results showed that in the diabetes and AD model, resveratrol significantly increased Sirt1 expression and was associated with reduced memory impairment, as observed in the Morris water maze test. These findings suggest that resveratrol may support neuroprotection by activating Sirt1 signalling. Additionally, the administration of EX527 (Sirt1 inhibitor) partially reversed the effects of resveratrol, further supporting the role of Sirt1 activation in cognitive function.
This study suggests that resveratrol may exert neuroprotective effects through Sirt1 activation.
Heart health
Study 1: In this clinical trial, researchers evaluated the effects of resveratrol supplementation on lipid metabolism in apparently healthy men and non-pregnant women aged 20 to 65 years who had been newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 100 mg/day of resveratrol or a placebo (0.5 g/day sucrose) for two months, with lipid levels measured before and after supplementation.
At the end of the study, the resveratrol group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations compared to the placebo group. Additionally, LDL cholesterol levels were lower in the resveratrol group after two months of supplementation compared to baseline levels.
These findings suggest the potential beneficial effects of resveratrol supplementation in lipid metabolism.
Study 2: In this clinical trial, researchers assessed the effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were already taking oral hypoglycemic agents. Participants were assigned to receive either 250 mg/day of resveratrol or a control treatment for three months, and changes in key metabolic and cardiovascular markers were measured.
After three months of resveratrol supplementation, the study found a significant improvement in mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol compared to the control group. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a commonly used biomarker for measuring average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months, providing an indication of long-term glycemic control.
These findings suggest that resveratrol supplementation may play a role in supporting glycemic control and maintaining cardiovascular health markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Memory & brain health
Study 1: Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress and cerebromicrovascular endothelial dysfunction, which impair neurovascular coupling (NVC)—a key mechanism that regulates blood flow to active brain regions. The decline in NVC function contributes to cognitive decline, and reduced NAD+ availability further exacerbates cerebromicrovascular dysfunction, intensifying age-related cognitive impairments.
In this study, aged mice were administered Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ precursor, for two weeks. The study found that NVC responses were significantly impaired in aged mice, but NMN supplementation restored NVC function by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. These vascular improvements were associated with significantly enhanced spatial working memory and gait (walking) coordination in NMN-treated mice.
Furthermore, NMN-treated aged mice exhibited improved performance in the radial-arm water maze (RAWM) test, a widely used assessment of learning and memory function in neurodegenerative disorders. These findings suggest that NMN supplementation may help support cognitive function, particularly in aging individuals at risk for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).
Study 2: In this study, researchers examined the relationship between cumulative ginseng intake and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. Participants, with an average age of 70.2 years, completed 2-year and 4-year follow-up evaluations to assess cognitive performance over time.
At baseline, participants were categorized into three groups based on cumulative ginseng intake:
• No use group (never consumed ginseng)
• Low use group (<5 years of ginseng intake)
• High use group (≥5 years of ginseng intake)
The study found that the high-use group (≥5 years of ginseng intake) had significantly higher CERAD total scores compared to the no-use group. The CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease) test is a widely used assessment tool for evaluating cognitive function, particularly in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
However, the changes in CERAD total scores over the 2-year and 4-year follow-up periods did not differ significantly according to ginseng use. These findings suggest that long-term ginseng intake (≥5 years) may be associated with better cognitive performance in elderly.
Sleep Quality
Poor sleep quality, as well as physical and mental fatigue, are common concerns in older adults and can contribute to a decline in quality of life and increased mortality risk. In this clinical trial, researchers investigated the effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on sleep, lower limb function, and fatigue in older adults.
Participants were administered 250 mg of NMN or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks, and their sleep quality, physical function, and fatigue levels were assessed throughout the study. Results showed that NMN supplementation was associated with improved sleep quality, enhanced lower limb function, and reduced drowsiness in older adults.
These findings suggest the potential benefits of NMN supplementation in supporting sleep regulation, maintaining physical performance, and reducing fatigue in aging individuals.
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